A group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic high blood glucose levels due to defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both. The condition disrupts the body's ability to convert food into energy, leading to serious complications affecting the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves if left unmanaged. Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells, while Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Both types require careful management through diet, exercise, medication, and lifestyle modifications to prevent long-term complications and maintain quality of life.